What does uncovertebral arthrosis mean?
Uncovertebral arthrosis describes the wear and deterioration of the small joints known as uncovertebral joints in the cervical spine. These small joints sit on either side of the cervical vertebrae and connect the vertebral bodies to one another. When age-related or strain-related changes develop there, this is referred to as uncovertebral arthrosis.
The role of the uncovertebral joints in the cervical spine
The cervical spine is made up of seven individual vertebrae stacked on top of one another. Between the vertebral bodies sit intervertebral discs, which act as cushions. In addition, on the sides of the vertebrae there are small joints called uncovertebral joints, also known as "joints of Luschka". They help to maintain movement in the neck and provide stability. These joints are especially important during turning and tilting movements.
With increasing age or through repeated strain, the cartilage surfaces of these joints can wear down. Small changes develop, similar to those seen in arthritis of the knee or hip. This wear is called uncovertebral arthrosis.
Causes and risk factors
The most common cause of uncovertebral arthrosis is the natural ageing process. Over the years, the cartilage that protects the joint surfaces gradually wears away. Repeated strain, for example from heavy physical work or sports involving a lot of head movement, can also contribute to its development. Poor posture, such as sitting at a desk for long periods, and previous injuries to the cervical spine also increase the risk.
Even younger people can be affected if they have a congenital misalignment of the vertebrae or unusual strain on the cervical spine. Uncovertebral arthrosis often goes unnoticed for a long time and is only discovered when symptoms appear or imaging (such as X-ray or MRI) is carried out for other reasons.
What symptoms can occur?
Uncovertebral arthrosis does not always cause noticeable problems. Many people are completely unaware of the changes in their neck joints. When symptoms do occur, neck and shoulder pain are usually the main complaint. This pain can feel dull, pulling, or sharp, and may worsen with certain movements.
In some cases, movement in the neck becomes restricted, for example when turning or tilting the head. When the worn joints form bony growths called osteophytes, these can press on nearby nerves or blood vessels. This can lead to pain that spreads into the arm, tingling, numbness, or even weakness in certain muscles. Such symptoms are relatively uncommon, however, and usually only appear in more advanced stages of arthrosis.
Is it serious? Common concerns about the diagnosis
A diagnosis of uncovertebral arthrosis often causes worry. Many people wonder whether the changes are dangerous or whether lasting damage is likely. In most cases, this is a normal part of the ageing process that does not bring any immediate risks. The changes develop slowly and rarely lead to serious complications.
Fears about paralysis or permanent limitations are generally unfounded. Only in very rare cases, when the arthrosis is severe and nerve roots or the spinal cord become compressed, can more serious problems arise. In those situations, a thorough medical assessment is important.
How is uncovertebral arthrosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of a medical consultation, physical examination, and imaging. During the consultation, the type and duration of symptoms are discussed. During the examination, the doctor checks the movement of the neck and looks for possible points of pain.
X-rays show typical changes such as narrowing of the joint spaces or bony growths. In some cases, an MRI scan is carried out to assess the nerve structures in more detail. Not every visible case of arthrosis needs treatment; what matters is whether symptoms are present and how significant they are.
What can help with symptoms?
When pain or restricted movement is the main problem, there are several ways to ease the symptoms. Often it is enough to reduce strain on the neck and carry out targeted movement exercises. Physiotherapy can help to loosen tense muscles and improve mobility. Heat treatments, massages, and specific exercises for daily life can all support recovery.
For acute pain, pain-relieving or anti-inflammatory medications are sometimes used. These are usually prescribed for a short time only, to avoid side effects. In rare cases, when nerves are severely compressed and signs of weakness appear, surgery may be necessary. The aim is then to relieve pressure on the affected structures.
What can you do yourself?
Good posture and regular movement are the best ways to prevent symptoms from uncovertebral arthrosis. People who spend a lot of time at a computer should pay attention to an ergonomic sitting position and take small breaks to stretch regularly. Targeted strengthening exercises for the neck and shoulders can also help to reduce strain on the cervical spine.
Being overweight, smoking, and a lack of physical activity all contribute to joint wear. An active lifestyle, a balanced diet, and enough sleep all support spinal health. Even small changes to daily habits can help to ease symptoms or prevent them altogether.
When should you seek medical advice?
If neck pain persists or worsens, or if you experience numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or hands, it is worth seeing a doctor. Even if you are unsure about the cause of your symptoms, speaking with a GP or an orthopaedic specialist can help to better understand the situation. Together, a suitable approach can be found to help restore a pain-free and mobile daily life.
