A rhagade is a narrow, usually elongated tear in the skin or mucous membrane that often appears in areas that are particularly dry or under constant strain.
What is behind the term?
The word comes from Greek and roughly means "cleft" or "crack". In medicine, a rhagade describes a small but usually quite deep tear. These tears often develop where the skin is especially dry, brittle, or constantly in motion, such as at the corners of the mouth, the heels, the hands, or around the anus. Rhagades can also occur on mucous membranes, such as in the anal region.
How do these tears develop?
The skin is normally very elastic and protects the body from outside influences. However, when it becomes dried out by cold weather, frequent washing, harsh soaps, or certain conditions, it loses its natural protective function. Small movements or pressure are then often enough to cause the skin to tear. Areas that are constantly under strain, such as the soles of the feet or the fingertips, are particularly vulnerable. Repeated lip licking or frequently opening the mouth wide can also lead to rhagades at the corners of the mouth.
In some cases, conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or diabetes mellitus can further weaken the skin and increase the risk of rhagades. Infections, for example from fungi or bacteria, sometimes play a role as well, especially with rhagades at the corners of the mouth.
Are rhagades dangerous?
Individual, small rhagades are usually harmless, but they can be very uncomfortable. Many people report a burning sensation, pain, or an unpleasant feeling of tightness at the affected area. When walking, talking, or carrying out everyday movements, these small tears can cause irritation or even bleed. Rhagades are particularly troublesome when they keep coming back or are slow to heal.
There is sometimes a concern that these tears could become inflamed. Bacteria or fungi can indeed enter damaged skin more easily, which can slow down healing. In rare cases, a local infection can develop, making itself known through redness, swelling, or pus.
What helps with rhagades?
For treating rhagades, it is important to care for and protect the skin. Moisturising creams or ointments help to keep the skin supple and support healing. Pharmacies stock specialist products designed for the needs of dry, cracked skin. For rhagades on the feet or hands, it can be helpful to cover the affected areas with a plaster or bandage to protect them from further irritation.
If an infection is present or the rhagade does not heal despite proper care, medical treatment may be needed. In such cases, antiseptic or anti-inflammatory ointments are sometimes used. For very painful or deep tears, such as those in the anal area, a specialist treatment may be required, for example with pain-relieving or locally anaesthetic creams.
Prevention plays an important role: Anyone prone to rhagades should pay attention to good skin care, avoid harsh soaps, and moisturise the skin regularly. Wearing gloves during housework or in winter can also help to protect the skin.
When should you seek medical advice?
In most cases, rhagades heal on their own with the right care. However, if the symptoms persist for a longer time, get worse, or keep coming back, it is a good idea to see a doctor. This is especially true if the skin becomes inflamed, is very painful, or shows signs of infection such as pus. Rhagades in the anal area that bleed or are very painful should also be assessed by a doctor to rule out other conditions.
Rhagades are usually nothing to worry about, but they can noticeably affect daily life. With a little attention to skin care and targeted treatment, these small tears can often be managed well.
