What does "kidneys orthotopic" mean?
The term "kidneys orthotopic" refers to the position of the kidneys in the body. "Orthotopic" means that an organ stays in its original or natural place in the body. For the kidneys, this means they are in their normal position in the back of the abdomen, directly below the diaphragm on both sides of the spine.
Why is the position of the kidneys important?
The position of the kidneys is very important for how well they work. The kidneys are responsible for filtering the blood, removing waste products and excess fluids. These are then passed out of the body as urine. If the kidneys are not in their usual place, this can affect blood flow and kidney function. The correct position also matters for the connection to other structures, such as the ureters, which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Causes of a change in kidney position
Sometimes kidneys can shift from their normal position, which is known as nephroptosis or a "floating kidney". This can be caused by injuries, congenital abnormalities, or rapid weight loss. In rare cases, kidneys can also be moved to a different place in the body through surgery or transplantation. In these situations, the term "orthotopic" is used to highlight that the kidney remains in its original position.
Symptoms and possible effects of a changed kidney position
If a kidney is no longer orthotopic, various symptoms can appear. These include back pain, abdominal pain, or problems with urination. With nephroptosis, the ureters can become kinked, which blocks the flow of urine and can lead to recurring urinary tract infections. In serious cases, this can also affect the function of the kidney itself.
Diagnosis and examination methods
To find out whether a kidney is no longer orthotopic, various imaging methods are used. Ultrasound scans are often the first step, as they are quick and non-invasive. Further examinations such as a computed tomography (CT) scan or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan can provide more detailed information about the position of the kidneys and any possible complications. These methods help doctors to determine the exact position of the kidneys and identify the cause of any possible shift.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the cause and the symptoms. With nephroptosis that does not cause any problems, treatment may not be needed. If there are symptoms, an operation may be considered to move the kidney back to its orthotopic position. In some cases, a special support belt or corset can help to hold the kidney in place and ease discomfort. With kidney transplants, care is taken to place the kidney as orthotopically as possible, to make sure it works normally.
Prevention and lifestyle changes
To help keep the kidneys in their orthotopic position, certain lifestyle changes can be helpful. A healthy diet and regular exercise can help maintain a healthy body weight and strengthen the muscles that support the kidneys. After sudden weight loss or an injury, it is important to watch for symptoms and speak to a doctor if needed. Early detection and treatment can help to avoid complications and preserve kidney function.
