What is the malleolus medialis?
The malleolus medialis is the medical term for the inner ankle bone. It forms the clearly visible, easy-to-feel bony bump on the inside of the ankle joint and is part of the shin bone (tibia).
Structure and position in the body
The inner ankle is formed by the lower end of the shin bone. The outer ankle, known as the malleolus lateralis, is formed by the fibula. Both ankle bones frame the ankle joint and give it stability. Just beneath the skin, the malleolus medialis can be felt as a rounded raised area on the inside of the ankle joint.
The ankle joint allows the foot to move upwards, downwards, and sideways. Together with ligaments and muscles, the inner ankle keeps the joint secure so it does not collapse inwards.
Importance in medicine
The term "malleolus medialis" appears frequently in medical reports, X-ray findings, and doctor's letters. It is often used to describe the exact location of injuries, swelling, or pain around the ankle joint.
Particularly with sports injuries, falls, or accidents, the inner ankle is a common site for bruising, sprains, or even fractures. The malleolus medialis can also be affected by long-term problems, such as those caused by overuse or misalignment.
Typical injuries and complaints
When an injury occurs around the inner ankle bone, doctors often refer to a malleolus medialis fracture. This is a break of the inner ankle bone.
Such fractures usually happen when the foot rolls outwards or from a direct impact. As well as pain and swelling, bruising and restricted movement can also occur.
Not every mention of the malleolus medialis means there is an injury, however. The term is often simply used to describe an examination finding, for example: "tenderness over the malleolus medialis" or "swelling at the malleolus medialis".
When does it need special attention?
Pain, swelling, or discolouration around the inner ankle should not be ignored, especially after an accident. A fracture of the malleolus medialis, if left unnoticed, can lead to instability of the ankle joint.
Inflammation, tendon problems, or overuse damage can also make themselves known at this site. For ongoing complaints or uncertainty, it is advisable to seek medical assessment to avoid long-term damage.
Role in everyday life and during examination
The inner ankle is an important reference point when examining the ankle joint. It helps to pinpoint the exact location of pain or swelling and to identify injuries accurately.
The malleolus medialis is also used as a reference point for orthopaedic aids such as supports or splints, to ensure the best possible fit and protection.
In brief
The malleolus medialis is simply the inner ankle bone, which stabilises the ankle joint and is used in many medical contexts to describe complaints or injuries precisely. Anyone who reads this term in a doctor's letter can be certain: it always refers to the inside of the ankle joint, specifically the bony projection of the shin bone.
