The biceps tendon anchor is a bony or cartilaginous structure in the shoulder where the long head of the biceps tendon attaches. This attachment plays a key role in the stability and function of the shoulder joint. If the biceps tendon anchor is damaged or partially tears away, it can cause pain, restricted movement, and loss of shoulder function.
Anatomy and function of the biceps tendon anchor
The long head of the biceps tendon originates at the upper rim of the shoulder socket, more precisely at the labrum glenoidale, a cartilaginous structure that stabilises the shoulder joint. This connection is called the biceps tendon anchor. The tendon runs through the shoulder joint space and continues down into the upper arm, where it supports the bending of the arm and supination (rotation of the forearm).
Injuries to the biceps tendon anchor
A tear or detachment of the biceps tendon anchor can happen after sudden trauma, such as falling onto an outstretched arm or a forceful pulling movement. Long-term overuse, especially from repeated overhead activities or sporting loads, can also lead to gradual damage. One of the most common injuries in this area is the SLAP lesion (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior), where the upper labrum, including the biceps tendon anchor, partially or fully tears away.
Symptoms of a damaged biceps tendon anchor
Typical complaints when the biceps tendon anchor is damaged include deep-seated shoulder pain, especially during overhead movements or rotational movements of the arm. Many people report a clicking or locking sensation in the shoulder, along with loss of strength and a feeling of instability. In more severe cases, noticeable instability in the shoulder joint can develop, making everyday movements difficult.
Diagnosis and examination methods
Diagnosis begins with a detailed medical history and clinical tests, during which the doctor performs specific movements to assess the function of the long head of the biceps tendon. Imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast agent or arthroscopy allow a detailed assessment of the biceps tendon anchor and any associated injuries.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the extent of the injury. Minor tears or degenerative changes can often be managed conservatively, for example through physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory medication, and targeted stabilisation exercises. However, with significant tears or a complete detachment of the biceps tendon anchor, surgical treatment is often necessary.
In arthroscopic reconstruction, the biceps tendon anchor can be reattached to the labrum using a suture anchor technique. In certain cases, a biceps tenodesis may be performed instead, where the long head of the biceps tendon is fixed at a different point on the upper arm to reduce pain and instability.
Summary
The biceps tendon anchor is an essential structure for the stability and function of the shoulder. Injuries in this area can lead to significant discomfort and restricted movement. Early diagnosis and individually tailored treatment are crucial to preserving shoulder function in the long term. Anyone who notices persistent shoulder pain or feelings of instability should consider seeking medical assessment so that appropriate treatment can be started.
